Who benefits and who loses when a common market for labour is extended to more countries Essay Example For Students

Who benefits and who loses when a common market for labour is extended to more countries? Essay The labour mobility problems that are created when a common market for labour is extended to more countries have been a major concern of the European Union when considering expansion because member states have always feared their economies would suffer due to the cheap labour coming from poorer nations. Considering the fact that the recent expansion added ten members eight of which have significantly lower wages than other countries and large labour forces makes this concern even more pertinent. Since labour mobility is part of the core freedoms in the Union, the Treaty of Rome that was put into effect in 1958 committed member states to allow for the free movement of labour. This implied that nothing would stop labour from moving within member states and there will be no discrimination against workers based on their nationality, provided the nation is within the customs union. Even though the European Union has always had a great extent of labour mobility, the reason why the nations already within the union fear the consequences of the extension of the common market for labour after the enlargement are the rising unemployment rates observed in recent years. This is mainly because in the EU the job market has only grown by 0. 5% from 1980 to 1993 as opposed to the 1% observed in Japan and the 1. 5% observed in the US. This essay will therefore assess the extent to which the fears of the European Union have realistic foundations or not. We will write a custom essay on Who benefits and who loses when a common market for labour is extended to more countries? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In order to determine the effects of creating a common market for labour we first must see how wages are determined within these economies and why they differ. Wages are determined by the marginal productivity of the last labour unit employed because a firm can only afford to hire workers if they generate enough output to cover the costs of employing them. Thus wages are formulated where: However, the marginal productivity of labours differs amongst countries within the union for a number of reasons. For example a German worker that has had the ability to benefit from a good state education system that teaches its students a wide variety of skills will have higher marginal productivity than a worker from Poland that possibly had to drop out of school early to support his family. Also, the capital employed in Germany enables workers to maximise their marginal productivity since machinery employed in Germany is more technologically advanced than machinery used in Poland. Finally the fact that workers in Germany will receive more social benefits due to the institutional environment that pushes for minimum wages and more rights to workers will mean the workers will be more willing to work harder. Thus, from the comparison of Germany and Poland we have seen that since marginal product of labour will be higher in the wealthier nation, wages will be higher and when the market for labour opens the tendency will be for workers to act as rational economic beings and move from the low wage to the high wage economy as illustrated in the following diagrams. The above diagram illustrates the situation for the two economies before the introduction of Poland into the common market for labour. Wg are the higher wages paid to German workers whereas Wp are the lower wages paid to polish workers. In order for our model of the impact to work we have to assume that Polish and German workers have the same skills so what causes the marginal product of labour to be higher in Germany is their use of better capital. .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04 , .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04 .postImageUrl , .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04 , .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04:hover , .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04:visited , .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04:active { border:0!important; } .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04:active , .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04 .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u24f84328f3c458602bb183c5f5e6ae04:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Roman Times, Abortion And The Destruction Of Unwanted EssayWhen the common market for labour is extended to more countries, there is free movement of labour between Germany and Poland, so some Polish workers will move to take advantage of the higher wages and production in Germany will rise, however, the marginal productivity of its workers will decline leading to reduced wage rates. Contrastingly in Poland since workers will be leaving even though production will decline, marginal productivity will increase leading to higher wages. This is all illustrated in the following diagram. In the above diagram, we see that migration from Poland to Germany will occur from D to C and there will be output gain equal to the yellow triangle because even though Polish output reduces by the amount illustrated by the blue area, that amount is recaptured by the increase in German output which also adds the yellow triangle to total quantity produced thus leading to a net gain in output. Moreover there will be a reduction in wages in Germany from Wg to Wcm and an increase in wages in Poland from Wp to Wcm so wages will eventually converge in both countries to Wcm. From the above model we can make a couple of very useful conclusions even though it is overly simplified. Firstly workers originally in the high wage country, in this case Germany, will lose because wages will decline whereas workers that stay behind in the low wage country, in this example Poland will gain because wages will increase. Producers in Germany will gain from the expansion of the common market because the influx of cheaper workers will mean that they will produce a greater percentage of output at a lower cost per unit within the customs union whereas producers in Poland will lose because the higher wages mean that now they will account for a smaller percentage of output and will have a higher cost per unit produced. Finally the union as a whole benefits due to the increase in output and the overall reduction in labour costs. From the above we could also conclude that immigration in the short term helps ease unemployment as labour moves from countries with high unemployment usually associated with low marginal productivity of labour to countries with lower unemployment illustrated by high marginal productivity of labour. Also the country that labour migrates to, benefits from the skills this labour acquired at home and the country receiving them didnt have to pay for. Similarly the home country could benefit from the skills the labour gained in the foreign country if the labour returns. Indeed we see that with accession as seen in the case of Spain and Portugal, when these member states start to gain investment nationals abroad tend to return thus leading to an increase in the initial boost brought about by new investment because they bring back to the country skill acquired abroad. In the long term benefits depend highly on the amount of dependants each working migrant brings with him as well as the extent of unemployment of domestic workers this influx of cheap labour will result in. Finally the reduction in labour costs could potentially lead to a reduction in cost push inflation which usually arises due to high costs of labour and consequently this inflation reduction will lead to higher growth rates. However, since this model depends greatly on the assumptions we made of full employment, wage flexibility, capital fixity and wage differentials arising from differences in capital as opposed to skill, we have to see if the conclusions we drew above from theory work in practice by examining the extent to which they applied to countries after the 2004 enlargement. Indeed we see that since the 2004 enlargement there has been considerable migration from east to west due to the low wages in the east and the specific skill shortages in the west. The 2004 enlargement has been the largest one the EU has had and included the following nations: Cyprus, Malta, Lithuania, Latvia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia. When examining the effects of EU migration we tend not to include Cyprus and Malta because their labour force is very small and represents a tiny percentage of overall migration. .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44 , .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44 .postImageUrl , .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44 , .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44:hover , .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44:visited , .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44:active { border:0!important; } .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44:active , .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44 .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b82295211724749dbf3ee0feeb9ab44:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Berlin Blockade and Airlift ? 1948-1949 EssayThe accession of these nations has enabled the EU to call itself the worlds largest single market, however many worry that the fact that the GDP per capita of these nations being 40% of the average GDP per capita of already existing nations will make them an economic burden. This is why many nations have employed short-term limits for employment rights for people from new member states as a means of responding to those who fear expansion. However, we see that Germany, one of the nations that is overflowing with immigrants is currently seeing its unemployment to be at a 4-year low. Another big success story is that of the UK, that was one of the few countries to allow for free labour movement after the expansion. In the years following the EU expansion the UK has seen an all time high influx of Polish workers due to the fact that wages are considerably higher there than in Poland. For example, when a teacher in Poland receives ÂÂ £200 per month, the same person in the UK would receive ÂÂ £600 for distributing flyers. This is why from the 427 thousand workers from the eight EU accession states that successfully applied for work in the UK 62% were Polish and 82% were aged 18-34, because these are the people who will benefit the most from the favourable circumstances in the UK. Moreover the fact that they are considerably young and unskilled enables us to give them jobs that nationals are unwilling to fill which are usually minimum wage jobs in the food industry, catering, agriculture or manufacturing and production. This, as EU committee chairman Lord Grenfell very aptly put it means that in a global economy, where competitiveness is key, immigration from Eastern Europe has helped British companies compete with those in the emerging economies of Asia. Thus from economic theory and the case study of the effects of EU expansion in the UK we see that overall migration is beneficial for both the economy that workers leave from and for the country that receives the migrants. This is because the country they leave from gains investment by family members sending money back home and higher wages due to the increase in the marginal productivity of labour and the country they go to gains competitiveness due to the fact that wages decline and gains in output due to t he fact that it gets to utilise its high marginal productivity.

Free Essays on Intranet

It is generally accepted that information is a vital commodity for the successful operation of today’s organizations. Nowadays modern business organizations are using computerized information systems in order to obtain such information. However as, technology advances rapidly the main issue is how can an organization should effectively use such an information system - which its management sometimes can be unpredictable - in order to effectively help the whole organization structure to improve and take the most out of it. The â€Å"Intranet† can help manager’s access information within an organization and use it to their advantage to achieve the set corporate and strategic goals. Initially the intranet was used fundamentally for sharing information such as policies, procedures and forms. However, the next intranet generation creates a collaborative medium that provides users quick, comprehensive access to everything their jobs require – files, programs, and people, both inside and outside the organization – while capturing and managing each person’s work so that others in turn can find and use it. Just as physical work spaces rely on architectural plans to optimize efficiency, an intranet needs to be carefully designed to help employee’s access information and collaborate effectively. Because the public does not see the intranet, information design for intranets often receives scant attention. Unlike customers, employees are assumed to be insiders, able to easily locate company information. So, while the company Web site usually has the input of the marketing department, design and structure of the intranet is often relegated to the IT department. Nike is a very good example that will demonstrate how the effective use of intranet can benefit a company. The intranet debuted in June 1997 and was accessible to about 200 employees. It was called GPIN (Global Product Information Network) and as its name implies, it is... Free Essays on Intranet Free Essays on Intranet It is generally accepted that information is a vital commodity for the successful operation of today’s organizations. Nowadays modern business organizations are using computerized information systems in order to obtain such information. However as, technology advances rapidly the main issue is how can an organization should effectively use such an information system - which its management sometimes can be unpredictable - in order to effectively help the whole organization structure to improve and take the most out of it. The â€Å"Intranet† can help manager’s access information within an organization and use it to their advantage to achieve the set corporate and strategic goals. Initially the intranet was used fundamentally for sharing information such as policies, procedures and forms. However, the next intranet generation creates a collaborative medium that provides users quick, comprehensive access to everything their jobs require – files, programs, and people, both inside and outside the organization – while capturing and managing each person’s work so that others in turn can find and use it. Just as physical work spaces rely on architectural plans to optimize efficiency, an intranet needs to be carefully designed to help employee’s access information and collaborate effectively. Because the public does not see the intranet, information design for intranets often receives scant attention. Unlike customers, employees are assumed to be insiders, able to easily locate company information. So, while the company Web site usually has the input of the marketing department, design and structure of the intranet is often relegated to the IT department. Nike is a very good example that will demonstrate how the effective use of intranet can benefit a company. The intranet debuted in June 1997 and was accessible to about 200 employees. It was called GPIN (Global Product Information Network) and as its name implies, it is...

The five most annoying ways to use an ellipsis - Emphasis

The five most annoying ways to use an ellipsis The five most annoying ways to use an ellipsis The three little innocent-looking dots of an ellipsis () probably carry more power to annoy and confuse your readers than any other punctuation mark. Apostrophe mistakes look harmless in comparison. Nobody seriously reads ‘orange’s 45p’ and assumes that the orange must own a small amount of loose change. Ellipses, by contrast, can completely change the tone and meaning of what you write. And people who misuse them often don’t realise what they’re doing. Here are five ways not to use an ellipsis. 1. Using them like a written erm Trailing off in the middle of sentences in spoken conversation is common and almost unavoidable. (Unless you’re Oscar Wilde – WB Yeats said Wilde was the first person he’d met who spoke in perfect sentences.) But it’s rarely necessary to do this in writing. In spoken conversation, you can rely on various cues to tell you whether the other person understands what you’re saying, and clarify as needed. But in writing, you need to be clear first time. Many writers use ellipses like written equivalents of ‘erm’ and ‘er’, but this can be confusing and frustrating for the reader. To avoid inadvertently creating a ‘fill in the blanks’ puzzle, force yourself to finish your sentences. This might mean you have to do a bit more work before pressing send – quite possibly work you were trying to avoid. But just console yourself with the knowledge that you’re sending out a little more good sense into the world. Compare these emails: ‘I haven’t had the full invitation to tender back yet whom do I talk to? no idea about the competitors haven’t started the tender not sure about our solution or details.’ ‘I haven’t received the full invitation to tender document yet. And I only know the bare bones of the solution we’re going to propose. At this stage, I don’t even know whom to talk to about getting all the necessary information (about costs, materials, people) together. Do you have any suggestions?’ Concrete writing like this will naturally take longer than simply typing the first things that come to mind. But the extra time you spend focusing on what you’re actually saying, and why, will help clarify your message both for you and your reader, and ultimately increase your chances of getting the kind of response you want. If you need to create a pause (a purposeful one, not an ‘erm’), consider using an en-dash instead of an ellipsis. It feels much more confident, especially when you need to link related parts of a sentence – like this. 2. Trailing off for no reason An ellipsis at the end of a sentence implies that the writer has trailed off. But why has the writer trailed off? Are they suggesting something? Does it represent a nudge or a wink? Those three little dots suggest something is going on, but give the reader no clue about what it might be. This can make otherwise straightforward sentences confusing and (occasionally) somewhat unsettling. Compare these sentences: ‘It’s not a problem for us to meet on Monday.’ ‘It’s not a problem for us to meet on Monday ’ The trailing off in the second example could suggest the writer is having doubts (perhaps it is a problem). Or maybe it expresses confusion about why a meeting is even necessary. Or, if the writer is a chronic ellipsis-abuser, it may mean nothing at all.  The reader must then judge what the meaning might be, or ask for clarification. If you’re unsure about meeting on Monday, say so and explain why. For example: ‘It’s not a problem for us to meet on Monday, but I’m not sure if that will be helpful because John won’t be here and we need his input.’ 3. Three is the magic number Some style guides recommend writing an ellipsis as three full stops: Some prefer three full stops with spaces between them: . . . And some tell you to use a special ellipsis character (PC shortcut: ALT+0133, Mac shortcut: ALT+semicolon): †¦ Whichever you use (we prefer three full stops without spaces, except on Twitter), all style guides agree that ellipses are three dots long. Not four, or two (and five is right out). You may see what appears to be a four-dot ellipsis at the end of some sentences (eg ‘And then John fell asleep .). This is in fact an ellipsis with a full stop at the end. You may also sometimes see three dots, a space and then a further dot (eg ‘And then John fell asleep .). Again, style guides vary on this. 4. Omitting crucial parts of a quotation You’ll often find that you need to condense quotes, and you can use an ellipsis to show that you’ve removed parts of the original. But be careful. To be completely transparent, you need to be sure that you’re not changing the meaning of what somebody has said. Take this remark from US President Coolidge and the often-quoted condensed version: ‘The chief business of the American people is business’ ‘The business of the American people is business’ This changes the meaning of his sentence. The original version says that business is the most important concern, whereas in the second it sounds as if business is the only important thing. 5. Implying you have more to say when you haven’t This is a very particular kind of trailing off, and possibly the most annoying of all. It often implies that what needs to be said is so obvious to the (knowledgeable) writer that it should be obvious to the reader, too. This can backfire badly – at worst, it can appear smug or condescending. For example: ‘That’s a good plan, but there are important considerations ’ This kind of ellipsis is more suited to enigmatic status updates on social media (’OMG some people are so annoying ’), not that we advocate that sort of thing. For business it’s better to spell things out. Ask yourself why you’re tempted to use an ellipsis, get the answer straight in your head, then politely say that instead: ‘That’s a good plan, but I’m worried about how expensive it is. We’re also working on so many other projects that I’m not sure we’ll have the time to spare’. Use with caution Like many of the best things in life, ellipses are fine when used well and in moderation, but troublesome when used recklessly. (OK, OK, we’re sounding like your dad now.) So keep using them, if you wish, but do so consciously. And if you catch yourself dot-dot-dotting to cop out of saying what you actually mean, take a moment’s pause. What is likely to be the most positive approach in the long run? At work, usually, clarity is king. Sure, overused ellipses are annoying but good writing at work is about far more than just airing our personal peeves. Its about communicating effectively and efficiently, in a way which informs, inspires and persuades others. Thats why weve distilled our 18 years experience working with over 40,000 professionals in every sector and industry into a 64-page guide, The Write Stuff. Its ideal if you write emails, reports, bids or any other business document. Download your free copy of The Write Stuff today.

History- access to humanities and social science Essay

History- access to humanities and social science - Essay Example Social class structures were beginning to break down as common men were able to make fortunes in industry and landowners found it more and more difficult to keep the idyllic life they’d constructed alive. Women, too, were beginning to question their allotted place in society as more and more opportunities opened for them in the urban centers of the country, providing them with a means of supporting themselves and freeing themselves from the yoke of male domination. However, at the same time, these positions were not the equal rights positions of modern times, so it was often difficult to determine whether one wanted to sacrifice freedom for comfort or comfort for freedom. Rarely was it possible to attain both. All of these social and economical concerns can be found in the novels written during this time period. â€Å"The Victorian novel, with its emphasis on the realistic portrayal of social life, represented many Victorian issues in the stories of its characters† (Gre enblatt, 2005). By looking at the literature of the age, one can begin to gain a sense of how ideas of gender affected the lives of Victorian men and women whether they were struggling to uphold them or struggling against them. Issues of gender, education and sexuality were tremendous stumbling blocks over which numerous fictional characters and real Victorians had to struggle in order to maintain a respectable standing in society. Within the patriarchal society of the Christian nations, men were expected to operate according to specific rules of behavior, namely that they were to be heterosexual, virile, yet also constrained and sensible of a woman’s good name. It was all right to have intercourse with women to whom one was not married, but that woman must be of a much inferior social status and must not be allowed to cross these boundaries. In novels such as Wuthering

Democracy and an Age of Democratization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Democracy and an Age of Democratization - Essay Example Two of the characteristics include competitive political parties and an independent judiciary. The presence of competitive political parties in the American democracy influences its ability to function effectively throughout the political system of the country. Political parties are so essential because they offer means through which citizens can be mobilized to support the vision of society. Mobilization happens during elections where the competing political parties, sell out their agendas and seek support from the public. During this process, the parties offer citizens with meaningful choices in the leadership of the country, and opportunity for participation in shaping their future nation. Within the political parties, the citizens interact freely to contest for public offices, express their vision for the society, and demonstrate their needs and interests (Gizzi et al 210). In an effective democracy, political parties develop a common vision for a significant group of the population so as to exert pressure on the political system of the country. This help to place the citi zens’ local interests on a national context. In the United State of America, citizens are usually divided on the basis of interests, policies, and leaders. This makes it easier for political parties to provide grounds for compromise as well as uniting the society. The political parties nominate leaders to assume leadership of the country and support them during the election period. They, therefore, form the main linkage between the government and the cultural, religious, ethnic, economic, and many other societal groups. Political parties also support certain legislation in an attempt to improve the welfare of the society and act on citizens’ interest (Gizzi et al 199).  

Spanking is Positive Essay -- Children Obedience Discipline Essays

Spanking is Positive Have you ever been spanked, when you were a child? Do you remember how it felt? Did it have an effect on your attitude as you grew older? Now, when you look back at it, do you think it was a good thing? I have interviewed three random college students that have been spanked when they were a child. Even though spanking may be an example of physical abuse, I believe it is positive and not as serious as hitting with a fist or object. The following gives examples of how students felt during the time being spanked, how their behavior was after being spanked, and how being spanked affected his/her life. At the time of being spanked NAU student Lindsey Richardson said, â€Å"being spanked was an embarrassment for me at the time, mainly because my parents would spank me in public, so I could feel embarrassed to show how embarrassed they felt when I put on a tantrum.† For Lindsey, being spanked was to embarrass her, not to feel pain for what she has done, but to feel how her parents did when they would get embarrassed. As for Megan Marlatt, also a NAU student said, â€Å"at the time of being spanked it was pain, it was for punishment and feeling of regret for doing what I did†. When Megan was being spanked her parents had to show her how it would feel if she misbehaved the next time. While doing these interviews I have also done research to why parents would chose to spank their child. And according to Abraham Andero and Allen Stewart who conducted a survey in the fall and summer of 2001, of 500 parents on why they spank their child, 100% of the parents responded with, â€Å"for disobedience.† Therefore, Andero and Stewart said, â€Å"parents saw corporal punishment as a connective measure and ha... ...ng about people’s stories of when they were spanked, do you think you can remember how you felt when you were spanked and how it affects you now. In the way you represent yourself as a person and represent your family as well. As a result, we students never knew spanking was an example of physical abuse, until we grew older. Back then, spanking was a sign of punishment not abuse. Now, that these students and myself know, we still believe it was a good idea and a good way to discipline us. This worked affectively for the parents and made their child learn to obey their elderly and have respect for others. â€Å"So what would you do? Would you have a child disobey you as young as they are? Or have a child respect you and know what you’re doing is out of discipline and love for the child, in trying to raise that child in knowing what is appropriate and what’s not. Spanking is Positive Essay -- Children Obedience Discipline Essays Spanking is Positive Have you ever been spanked, when you were a child? Do you remember how it felt? Did it have an effect on your attitude as you grew older? Now, when you look back at it, do you think it was a good thing? I have interviewed three random college students that have been spanked when they were a child. Even though spanking may be an example of physical abuse, I believe it is positive and not as serious as hitting with a fist or object. The following gives examples of how students felt during the time being spanked, how their behavior was after being spanked, and how being spanked affected his/her life. At the time of being spanked NAU student Lindsey Richardson said, â€Å"being spanked was an embarrassment for me at the time, mainly because my parents would spank me in public, so I could feel embarrassed to show how embarrassed they felt when I put on a tantrum.† For Lindsey, being spanked was to embarrass her, not to feel pain for what she has done, but to feel how her parents did when they would get embarrassed. As for Megan Marlatt, also a NAU student said, â€Å"at the time of being spanked it was pain, it was for punishment and feeling of regret for doing what I did†. When Megan was being spanked her parents had to show her how it would feel if she misbehaved the next time. While doing these interviews I have also done research to why parents would chose to spank their child. And according to Abraham Andero and Allen Stewart who conducted a survey in the fall and summer of 2001, of 500 parents on why they spank their child, 100% of the parents responded with, â€Å"for disobedience.† Therefore, Andero and Stewart said, â€Å"parents saw corporal punishment as a connective measure and ha... ...ng about people’s stories of when they were spanked, do you think you can remember how you felt when you were spanked and how it affects you now. In the way you represent yourself as a person and represent your family as well. As a result, we students never knew spanking was an example of physical abuse, until we grew older. Back then, spanking was a sign of punishment not abuse. Now, that these students and myself know, we still believe it was a good idea and a good way to discipline us. This worked affectively for the parents and made their child learn to obey their elderly and have respect for others. â€Å"So what would you do? Would you have a child disobey you as young as they are? Or have a child respect you and know what you’re doing is out of discipline and love for the child, in trying to raise that child in knowing what is appropriate and what’s not.

Opinion on the novel The Zahir

The Zahir Life, happiness, love, loss, and obsession characterize the latest novel that I have read – The Zahir written by the Brazilian writer Paulo Coelho. The title itself revealed an interesting feeling and curiosity to the readers. The term â€Å"Zahir† comes from the Islamic tradition which means visible and incapable of going unnoticed. This international bestseller novel is a piece of art full of surprises and mysteries.The tory is about the narrator, a bestselling novelist who lived by enjoying all the pleasures and privileges – money, fame, power, and celebrity brings. For unknown reasons, he was abandoned by his own wife named Esther, a war-correspondent. The simple language used by the writer is so powerful and persuasive that would allow readers to feel the intensity of the scenes. Moreover, the writer used the first- person point of view to provoke effectively emotional situations. Paulo Coelho also ade use of imagery.As an adventurous person, I app reciate most the narrator's pilgrimage. I felt like I was also traveling by reading the narrator's search for his own self and wife from Paris to Kazakhstan. Along the Journey with special significance, the novel showed virtues like generosity to the poor, spirituality, patience, love, respect and knowing oneself to have genuine happiness. Finally in the later part, the narrator was able to meet Esther and whether to stay with him or not lies in her ecisions.I can say that the ending is worth reading and waiting because of the enjoying tension. After reading the whole story, I can deduce that the author is someone who is full of experiences and wisdom; and maybe he's also in search for something very significant. The Zahir represents a human experience†¦ after reading it, readers would learn again how to love and forgive in an unselfish way, and most especially, how to live life to the fullest.