The Public Health Infrastructure Of Pakistan Essay

The public health infrastructure in Pakistan includes 965 tertiary and secondary hospitals and a total of 13052 first level care facilities (Nishtar et al., 2013). Population to health facility ratios improved from 28 971:1 in 1947 to 12 357:1 currently (Nishtar et al., 2013). Several studies found that unqualified practitioners are responsible for providing up to 50% of the health care in the community especially rural and urban slums. A recent survey showed that only half of the children with ARI approaches a trained health providers for treatment (Iqbal et al., 2010) Due to low budget allocations to the health sector in Pakistan, the public health sector faces many challenges to provide quality health care to a diverse population. The health care cost in both private and public sector is pushing vulnerable population groups further into a poverty trap (Rehman et al, 2014). Parents of under 5 year children are usually compel to seek care at expensive private hospitals due to lack of trust and uncaring attitudes at government hospitals (Rehman et al, 2014). The healthcare seeking behaviours for a child with ARI were evaluated by Iqbal et al. (2010) in Pakistan. This showed a significant delay before the sick child with ARI is brought to the appropriate physician. The average child in the study was sick for 3.7 days before attending the clinic of the doctor. This delay was associated with factors like use of self-medication, home remedies, inability to identify the illnessShow MoreRelatedThe Pakistanti Health Care Delivery1050 Words   |  5 PagesAN OVERVIEW OF THE PAKISTANTI HEALTH CARE DELIVERY Pakistan, like many international countries, contains a plethora of healthcare delivery complications when providing services to its citizens. 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Bedstones Gentrification Essay examples - 836 Words

Bedstones Gentrification Firstly I feel it would be a very sensible idea to write down my definition of gentrification, as at the end of the day that is what this coursework is about. Conversion and renovation of redundant farm buildings into dwellings or different crafts by changing the structure (faà §ade) of them to get it up to date, essentially modernisation. This is often done by wealthier people moving in from the outside community and results in a raise of the settlements socio-economic status, i.e. the community goes from a working class one into a middle class one due to people moving in. Also there is a change of a villages function\ purpose to its community. However, has†¦show more content†¦Using my definition this is one sign that Bedstone has undergone gentrification and to a considerable degree. Another clear sign that gentrification has happened in Bedstone is the movement of people into the village from the outside community. This is part of my definition of gentrification and has clearly happened here. Two of my graphs clearly portray this as well as showing the true extent of it. From one graph you can see that the majority of people have moved into the village in the last five years, 50% in fact. This shows the sudden influx of people into the village. Overall 62.5% of people have moved in the last ten years and only 17% of the whole village population have lived there longer than twenty! From another graph you can see that 61% of people in the village have moved from outside the county some as far a field as Scotland and Devon. As mentioned before workers who did their jobs at the school, inn, and diary or on the farms populated Bedstone. Basically this was a working class village with every adult working. Things like retirement and pensions were neither heard of nor apparent at that time. However, as the village population diminished and the services went things changed. The population fell continually from 162 in 1891 to just 75 in 1961. However, soon retirement become part of culture, our country became wealthier and so did

Jungian Analytical Psychology and the Process on Individuation Free Essays

The process on individuation is central to Jungian analytical psychology, as Jung believed that individuation is the driving force behind humans’ â€Å"yearning for completeness within the human experience, and the search for wholeness† (Russell, Ryback, 1996, p. 2) in their life-long conquest to achieve a distinctive but coherent and balanced personality. Besides the genetics and the psychosocial environment, Jung believed that a third force influences the dynamic formation of human individuality and that is the ‘collective memory’ of previous civilizations, memory stored and available to humans, in the ‘collective unconscious’ (Munteanu, 2012; Douglas, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Jungian Analytical Psychology and the Process on Individuation or any similar topic only for you Order Now While hard to prove scientifically, quantum physics does not refute this concept (Science Channel, 2011; Munro, 2011). As a therapist, I believe that I should be the open-minded guide and facilitator of client’s individualized explorations and life experiences, supporting client’s pursuit of holistic self-realization; guiding client’s exploration of his/her archetypes, the attitudinal type and the preferential decision making mode, would facilitate client’s understanding of own psychic energy flow, and would empower the client to address and develop his/her unconscious/conscious balance, advancing the individuation process (Munteanu, 2012; AtheneWins, 2011; Russell, Ryback, 1996). The counselling methods I would use to sustain this process, while client centred, would also need to be very creative and interactive on my part, as the counsellor; I would be making use of a variety of strategies within an environment of customised but constantly challenging and supportive at the same time. I would need to maintain myself on an perpetual self-development and self-reflection ‘carousel’, in order to ensure that I continuously upgrade my skills to the levels required to provide that balance of challenge and support, to all of my clients; within my practice, I would use a variety of methods, such as instructional interventions, questioning, clarifying, hypothesising, silences if/as required (to allow the process of assimilation and internalisation), dream interpretation or sequential drawings, journaling, art and sand therapies (especially for clients who have difficulties verbalising feelings), mandalas, mask making, etc. I could see how my teaching experience will serve me well in Jungian counselling, since I already use many of these methods, to provide personalised learning, to my students. I have always thought of myself as ‘work in progress’, and therefore I learn something new every day from my students; hence, learning from and alongside my clients I see it as a continuation of my own holistic individuation (Dehing, 1992; Russell, Ryback, 1996). How to cite Jungian Analytical Psychology and the Process on Individuation, Essay examples

Johnson Johnson Global Business Environment free essay sample

Johnson Johnson: Successfully Strategizing for the Changing Global Business Environment I. Introduction Johnson Johnson is the worlds largest healthcare company. Founded in the United States in 1886, the company has been profitable for 75 straight years and currently operates 250 subsidiary companies in 57 countries. Its products fall into three segments: pharmaceuticals, with 39% of total sales; medical devices and diagnostics, with 36%; and consumer products, with 25%. Additionally, the company employs 119,200 people worldwide and sells its products in 175 countries. A truly global corporation, Johnson Johnson has securely positioned itself to overcome the challenges its ever-changing business environment poses, as well as take advantage of the opportunities presented. With a focus primarily on Johnson Johnson’s pharmaceutical segment, this paper seeks to explore the complex multinational environment within which the company operates as well as the opportunities and threats that the environment poses. Next, the paper will analyze Johnson Johnsons current positioning, describing its value-chain and competitive positioning. The paper will close by evaluating how Johnson Johnson both can seize these opportunities to realize the goals of the company. II. Analyzing the Environment In industries as competitive as pharmaceutical, medical devices and consumer goods, analyzing the environment is vital for being able to make sound strategic decisions. Since Johnson Johnson strives to anticipate the external factors that affect its international business environment, as well as adapt to those changes, it is important that it understands the environment in which it is operating. The two sets of external forces that face the company are competitive and contextual. A. Competitive Environments – Five Forces Model Michael Porter’s five forces model provides a way of analyzing Johnson Johnson’s competitive environment. Due to a lack of available information about the bargaining power of suppliers as it applies to Johnson Johnson, this paper will address the four other forces: the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitutes, the bargaining power of customers, and the rivalry among industry competitors. 1. The Threat of New Entrants – High Barriers to Entry The threat of new entrants is not of particular concern to Johnson Johnson. Barriers to entry, especially in the industries of pharmaceuticals and medical devices, are extremely high if not unsurpassable. The world’s top pharmaceutical companies have extensive manufacturing capabilities, distribution systems, and economies of scale that have been built up over decades and would be virtually impossible for a new entrant to replicate. These top firms also have patents that protect their current products, as well as established research pipelines that ensure the continual development of new products. Also, they have strong brand names and large marketing budgets with which to defend them. Finally, the exceptionally high capital requirements for founding a pharmaceutical company and the sharp retaliation that new entrants could expect from the established competitors render the threat of new entrants very low. The medical device industry has similarly high barriers to entry. While entering the consumer goods market is easier, relatively, the vast number of competitors makes this industry very competitive, thus a strong brand name is vital for standing out. As the world’s most respected company according to Barron Magazine, new entrants to the consumer goods market do not pose a threat to Johnson Johnson. 2. The Threat of Substitutes – The Rise of Generics The threat of substitutes is much more problematic than that of new entrants, especially in the pharmaceutical segment. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that generic drugs be bioequivalent to their brand name counterparts, making them serious substitutes. Once a patent expires, generic manufacturers are quick to reverse-engineer the formerly proprietary drugs and sell generic versions at a fraction of the cost. Virtually all the top pharmaceutical companies, Johnson Johnson included, face an influx of upcoming patent expirations. The impending loss of sales when generic versions of the drugs inevitably become available is a serious threat to the profitability of many players in the industry. For example, Risperdal, a drug for schizophrenia made by a subsidiary of Johnson Johnson’s called Janssen-Cilag, was a significant source of profits, with sales that totaled $3. 5 billion in 2005 and surged 21% percent in the first quarter of 2006, to $1. 2 billion. However, when the patent for Risperdal expired in December of 2007 and became available in generic form in October of 2008, the company’s revenue from pharmaceutical sales stagnated. In fact, in July of 2007, Johnson Johnson announced plans to eliminate up to 4,800 jobs, citing patent expirations as the main motivation to trim the workforce and thus save money. If the company does not prepare for the difficult transition between enjoying market exclusivity and losing that security as those patents expire, it will face more negative consequences. 3. The Bargaining Power of Buyers – Influence of Generics In the pharmaceutical industry, buyers include patients, medical doctors who prescribe drugs, pharmacists, hospital boards, insurance companies, and other health authorities. The bargaining power of patients goes hand in hand with the threat of substitutes. When drugs are patent-protected, pharmaceutical companies enjoy a monopoly where they can set prices to include high profit margins. Since there are few to no substitutes for their products during this time, customers have little choice but to pay these prices, especially if their lives depend on the drugs. However, once cheaper, generic versions of the drugs become available, buyers gain more power. Patients’ switching costs, an important element in determining the bargaining power of buyers, are fairly low, and price-sensitive buyers will likely switch to generic versions once available. Johnson Johnson’s main tool in combating this problem is its strong brand name. Many customers have more trust in brand name products and are willing to pay extra for this perceived security. The other groups within buyers of pharmaceutical products, while fragmented, have more power than patients. Within the American healthcare system, insurance companies and health maintenance companies (HMOs) have considerable bargaining power, as they decide which drugs to endorse and provide. Since they have an interest in lowering costs, they exert a strong downward pressure on drug prices, partly due to the threat of the availability of generics. European governments’ national healthcare systems have a similarly high level of power, if not higher due to strict price controls. Thus, pharmaceutical companies have a need to establish successful relationships with these groups and market towards them heavily. 4. The Degree of Rivalry – Fierce and Changing Competition Competition in the pharmaceutical industry is intense and growing in intensity. While the numerous competitors remain fairly fragmented, mergers and acquisitions have increased rivalry, as the top firms’ areas of expertise began to overlap. Rivalry is especially intense in saturated markets, such as the pain reliever segment, in which Johnson Johnson competes with its products Tylenol and Motrin. In growing markets, innovation is a key driver of competition since pharmaceutical companies depend on â€Å"blockbuster† drugs for a large proportion of their revenue. With only one out of every 10,000 discovered drugs approved to be sold, stakes are high to find the cash cow drugs that recuperate the increasingly high costs of development. Since â€Å"me too† drugs are not as profitable, innovation drives the race to be first-to-market. While the main competitors in the pharmaceutical industry are concentrated in the United States, Europe, and Japan, an increasing number of players – especially generic drug manufacturers – are appearing in developing countries, such as China and India. These companies are driving the shift in the industry toward becoming more commoditized. Also, numerous biotech upstarts, which are smaller, more agile, and have lower overhead costs than their conglomerate competitors, are growing in power and taking market share. As the dynamics of the industry change, the established companies will find themselves facing stiff competition from all sides. B. Contextual Environment – PEST Analysis A PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) analysis is a useful tool for understanding the larger environment within which the company operates. Companies can use this tool to identify a multitude of important aspects of their environments that may impact their businesses. . Political Environment – Changing Politics and Policies First, the politics on local, regional, national, or international scales can exert strong forces on businesses. Since Johnson Johnson operates worldwide, it must keep track of the political developments that may affect its business. For example, in the Czech Republic, health care is the sub ject of a major political debate. Changes in the healthcare system may affect to whom Johnson Johnson needs to market, and with whom it needs to negotiate if the company wants its products covered by the Czech healthcare system. Also, Johnson Johnson should be aware that the Czech Republic has a weak Parliament that will change in 2010’s elections. The company needs to anticipate which policies may shift under the new government. Finally, Johnson Johnson should be aware that the Czech Republic will serve as president of the Council of the European Union for the first six months of 2009. This is the best time for the Johnson Johnson branch located in the Czech Republic to lobby for any policy changes regarding the company’s interests and the business environment. 2. Economic Environment – The Crisis and the Euro The economic climate is also important for Johnson Johnson to analyze in order to predict when its business may face challenges, as well as when it can seize an opportunity for growth. Operating in the European Union and larger European community means that Johnson Johnson has felt the effects of the current economic crisis. Aware of the crisis, the company has been able to plan for its impact, and fortunately, the effects on Johnson Johnson have not been severe, as medical products remain necessities even in periods of economic downturn. In respect to the Johnson Johnson branch in the Czech Republic, the economic environment is one that quickly transitioned from a communist, planned economy to the free market. Though the Czech Republic has embraced free market principles since the fall of the Soviet Union, it is important that Johnson Johnson recognize that this change was relatively recent, and certain aspects of working in the Czech Republic may still be affected by this history. Finally, discussions surrounding the use of the euro and the benefits and disadvantages of a common currency are debates that Johnson Johnson should be aware of in this time period. While Slovakia adopted the euro in January 2009, the Czech Republic has kept its own currency. A switch to the euro in the Czech Republic could have a wide range of effects, some positive and some negative, and Johnson Johnson should understand the implications for its business if that change occurs in the Czech Republic. For example, adopting the euro would make transactions with other countries more convenient, and Johnson Johnson should be prepared for a possible increase in transactions or the speed in which transactions take place in order to take advantage of the opportunities this change could provide. It should also be ready for the numerous practical difficulties with tasks such as accounting that may occur with a change in currency. Keeping these economic scenarios in mind is the kind of forward-thinking that is crucial to Johnson Johnsons success. 3. Social Environment – Aging Population and Public Health Problems There are two major social changes on the horizon that will both affect Johnson Johnson as well as provide tremendous opportunities. The first is the aging population. The gigantic baby boomer generation, consisting of those born between 1946 and 1964, has had a huge social and economic impact on the world since its birth. This trend will continue as the generation is beginning to enter old age. The influx of senior citizens will create huge demands throughout all realms of medical care. Johnson Johnson can expect to see increased sales across all three of its segments – pharmaceuticals, medical devices and diagnostics, and consumer goods – in the coming decades, and must plan production accordingly to be able to meet the needs of this huge generation as they enter their most medically-dependent years. Additionally, in order to cater to the aging population, Johnson Johnson is pioneering developments in preventative medicine as well as less invasive surgery techniques. Another major social change affecting Johnson Johnson is the phenomenon of surging rates of various health problems, especially in developed societies but spreading worldwide, from obesity and diabetes to cancer and mental disorders. Though highly problematic for society, companies in medicine-related industries such as Johnson Johnson are finding themselves with an increasing number of people to treat and cure. As a company that invests heavily in research and development, Johnson Johnson has the opportunity to lead the way in finding ways to address these serious public health issues. 4. Technological Environment – Promising New Fields As many pharmaceutical drug markets become saturated and the blockbuster drug strategy becomes obsolete due to the major changes occurring in the industry, innovation and breakthrough medical technologies are essential for finding blue oceans in which to compete. Predictive medicine, which entails predicting diseases based on genetics and preventing them, and personalized medicine, which involves managing a patient’s health based on his or her individual characteristics as opposed to following the more traditional â€Å"standards of care† model, are growing fields into which Johnson Johnson can expand. The company’s strong emphasis on research and development and its leadership in the medical devices and diagnostics segment put it in an excellent position to become a frontrunner in making new discoveries in these promising new technological fields. C. Determining Threats and Opportunities 1. Threats – The Uneducated Consumer and Mergers and Acquisitions One of the biggest threats facing a company like Johnson Johnson is the uneducated consumer. Especially within the consumer products and pharmaceuticals markets, with the increasing availability and lower cost of generic products, a key component of continued competitiveness is the discerning consumer who has preferences when it comes to treatment options. Johnson Johnson must continually work hard to make sure that people are aware of its products and the quality that it ensures through effective branding and promotional practices, as well as consumer education. Patent expirations are also a constant concern for Johnson Johnson as proprietary information is an integral part of sustained revenue streams. Mergers and acquisitions (MAs) present both potential opportunities and threats for Johnson Johnson. The company has pursued MAs that have served to expand the company’s resources and help penetrate new and diverse markets. For example, Johnson Johnson recently acquired Mentor Corporation in order to expand its operations in to the aesthetic and reconstructive medicine market. Also, an important new medical product called the Fibrin Pad was developed with the cooperation of three Johnson Johnson-owned subsidiaries. These are just a couple examples of how Johnson Johnson is able to both grow and innovate through MA. On the other hand, MAs between other companies in the healthcare industry have the potential to upset Johnson Johnson’s value chain and competitive advantages. Johnson Johnson must pay close attention to the actions of rival companies in order to maintain its market-leader positions and barriers to entry against competitors. 2. Opportunities – Research, Synergies, Emerging Markets, and the Aging Population Johnson Johnson’s greatest opportunity is found in its heavy investment in research and development. This is especially important for its medical devices and diagnostics and pharmaceutical divisions. It is necessary for the company to be on the leading technological edge when it comes to medical devices to ensure that it can offer the most accurate and up-to-date machines available. As for the pharmaceutical sector, patent expiration and generic drugs demand constant innovation and addition to Johnson Johnson’s pipeline of products for sustained success. Strong pipelines in its pharmaceutical and medical devices sectors are a major source of confidence in the company’s long-term success. With eight new late-stage compounds in the pharmaceutical sector and the introduction of several new products to new markets in the medical devices sector, Johnson Johnson seems to be advancing its pipeline quite progressively. It also strives to be a consistently innovative company, and around 40% of its current products have been developed within the last 3-4 years. In 2008, Johnson Johnson spent $7. billion on research and development. The reinvestment of 11% of sales in to RD, versus the industry average of 3%, demonstrates a source of competitive advantage for the company. Synergies between product branches are yet another source of opportunities for Johnson Johnson. Through the well-coordinated efforts of its pharmaceutical and consumer products divisions, Johnson Johnson was able to make the formerly prescribed drug Zyrtec available as an over-the-counter drug, which came to be the company’s most successful product launch in 2008. This is yet another example of how the company is able to pool its resources in order to find ways to fulfill both the needs of both its customers and stakeholders. Other opportunities for Johnson Johnson are present in emerging markets such as Brazil, Russia, India and China. Its products are currently available to only 25% of the world’s population. However, through its decentralized management approach and the adjustment of its products and strategies to match local needs and preferences, Johnson Johnson is reaching an ever-increasing consumer base. One method Johnson Johnson has been able to reach a broader consumer base through is the de-featuring of products, such simplified blood-glucose meters, which allows for access to lower-income customers and dampens the parasitic effect of cheap substitutes. One final opportunity exists in the demographic trend towards an ageing population. People are living longer, and because of this, new types of medical needs are arising all the time. Many types of medical treatments and surgeries are being developed and becoming more commonplace, such as hip replacements and plastic surgery. Patients want to be able to fix their ailments and expect a quick and uncomplicated recovery afterwards. It is up to Johnson Johnson to develop and provide the best possible equipment and supplies to do this and fulfill the company promise of customer success. III. Establishing European and Global Opportunities A. Expansion into New Markets – Developing Countries Despite the many challenges of working in both the European and global business environments, it is clear that these environments also allow Johnson Johnson to strengthen and continue to grow its business. With income and living standards on the rise in many European countries such as Turkey and the Czech Republic, where sales have already increased, and across the globe in developing countries like China and India, Johnson Johnson has many opportunities to sell its products in new markets or expand more in markets it has previously penetrated. In order to take advantage of the broadening market field, Johnson Johnson has begun to offer products that will appeal to people in less affluent nations. Its objective is clear: make products that are affordable for most of the world. To do this, Johnson Johnson has created de-featured versions of products that can be sold at a lower price, thus becoming accessible to more patients. B. Domestic Market Defense – Competition and Mistakes While Johnson Johnson expands to serve more customers in new markets, it must also maintain its secure position domestically. Though the consumer segment only accounts for only 25% of its total sales, the company realizes that keeping up its reputation and remaining a household name will help it as it moves into foreign markets. To put it simply, Johnson Johnson must remain synonymous with quality, safe products. Next, Johnson Johnson must be ready to compete with an even greater number of competitors, such as Pfizer, Merck, Novartis and Eli Lilly. Despite being the worlds largest healthcare company, it still faces competition and has run into problems when it has attained the market lead, grown too confident in its product, and then lost the lead. Because Johnson Johnson has twice lost its lead with one particular product, a heart stent, it now seems aware of this problem in its business strategy and therefore will be prepared for similar situations as it continue to penetrate new markets. IV. Analyzing Johnson Johnson’s Current Position A. Value Chain Analysis – Synergies, Cost Reductions, and Relationships A value chain analysis of Johnson Johnson reveals several key sources of value generation. Johnson Johnson consists of 250 companies that operate in 57 countries worldwide. The widespread nature of its operations and decentralized management practices allow for a high degree of local autonomy and adaptation. This makes Johnson Johnson very efficient in discovering and reacting to changing consumer demands across the globe. Also, the convergence of knowledge and information from branches across the globe gives the corporation a great advantage in the development of new products and technologies. Flexibility and detailed, location-specific knowledge coupled with heavy investments in technology, most notably IT, are the main production-based value drivers of the corporation. They allow for timely, adaptive responses to changing needs and the ability to achieve first leader power in emerging markets. Johnson Johnson is making progress in finding ways to reduce costs. Standardization initiatives in its pharmaceutical sector enabled the company to streamline operations and cut costs by $1. 6 billion in 2008. Cost savings are also created by means of acquisitions. For example, Johnson Johnson’s acquisition of Pfizer Consumer Healthcare is expected to generate up to $600 billion in â€Å"cost synergies† by unifying the efforts of the two companies. Johnson Johnson also emphasizes the importance of relationships with both its consumers and employees in its company credo. A talented and dependable workforce is important for innovation and efficiency in operations for any corporation. The company demonstrates its desire for employee welfare with healthcare services and carefully developed online resources. With an employee turnover ratio of less than 5%, Johnson Johnson demonstrates that it is capable of attracting and retaining the right kind of people to help it remain successful. B. Competitive Positioning – Differentiation and Resource Allocation As stated in the annual report, Johnson Johnson is a company focused on broad-based human healthcare. It offers a plethora of products throughout its pharmaceutical, medical devices and diagnostics, and consumer products divisions. These products are made in response to both local and global consumer demands, representing solutions for many different customer segments. These factors are evidence that Johnson Johnson has chosen the competitive strategy of differentiation. Using this strategy affords Johnson Johnson a sense of prestige and quality and this is evident in its pricing practices. However, the company does use competitive pricing strategies and is continually trying to find ways to lower costs without sacrificing quality or reputation. Johnson Johnson is constantly seeking to expand its product portfolio across all divisions and spends large amounts of money in RD to that end. A Johnson Johnson representative said, â€Å"Be the first, be the best. † This is the most effective way for the company to enter new markets and secure a strong position by being the first to offer the right products in the right locations in a time efficient manner. Johnson Johnson’s ability to perform these actions successfully is due to the sprawling nature of its subsidiaries and the amount of resources dedicated towards making sure that they all work with each other and share information. Johnson Johnson holds a very strong competitive position versus other corporations due to the amount of its resources and depth of its operations. It is able to maintain its position as market leader in several product categories, as well as penetrate emerging markets, because of its ability to adapt quickly and intelligently. The company must remain vigilant, however, as complacency can result in loss of market share. V. Assessing Effectiveness and Conclusion In today’s fast-paced business environment, any firm needs to consistently reevaluate its strategic positioning, but in industries as competitive as the ones in which Johnson Johnson competes, continual evaluation is vital for long-term success. By any quantitative measures, Johnson Johnson is a very successful company, and the fact that it has earned a profit for 75 straight years suggests that there is a definite plan for long-term success. The company’s famous credo, known as â€Å"Our Credo† and written by former chairman Robert W. Johnson in 1943, may have a role in this success. The credo outlines Johnson Johnson’s responsibilities to its customers, employees, communities, and finally its stockholders. It also establishes the principles that guide the company, from making high quality products and recognizing employees’ merit to protecting the environment and experimenting with new ideas. Johnson Johnson’s credo has endured, unchanged, for over 65 years. While it does not explicitly state long term goals, the principles within it express the company’s intrinsic values. According to the company’s website, â€Å"Our Credo is more than just a moral compass. We believe it’s a recipe for business success. The fact that the Johnson   Johnson is one of only a handful of companies that have flourished through more than a century of change is proof of that. † Johnson Johnson has indeed flourished. It consistently tops the corporate reputation charts and is a role model for social responsibility. Moreover, the company is clearly prepared for the many challenges its ever-changing international business environment poses. Due to its strategic positioning and eye on the future, Johnson Johnson will likely survive another century. REFERENCES Academic Visit to Johnson Johnson, Prague, Czech Republic. â€Å"2008 Annual Report. † Johnson Johnson Gassman, Oliver, Gerrit Reepmeyer and Maximilian von Zedtwitz. â€Å"Leading Pharmaceutical Innovation. † Springer â€Å"The Global Pharmaceutical Industry. † Duke University â€Å"Mental health drug market tapped out? † CNNMoney. com â€Å"Our Credo Values. † Johnson Johnson. â€Å"Patent Expirations Behind JJ Cuts, CT Looks Closer at Patents. † Cosmetics and Toiletries

Reviewing The Social Policy Guidelines Legislation Social Work Essay Essay Example

Reviewing The Social Policy Guidelines Legislation Social Work Essay Essay Throughout my arrangement I have been based in within a Children and Adult services statutory bureau which is governed by the Children Act 1989 and 2004. The arrangement has provided a learning chance within a assortment of scenes within the bureau, enabling me to reflect on my experiences and show my competences in relation to national occupational criterions and Social Work values. This treatment will concentrate on an history of life narrative work ( LSW ) Which I jointly undertook with a Foster Carer while being based within the settled attention squad. A is a 12 twelvemonth old immature individual who was capable to a Care Order under subdivision 31 of the Children Act. He has been accommodated along with his 15 twelvemonth old sister and 11 twelvemonth old brother since 2004. He was accommodated due to his female parents terrible and relentless disregard . A has two older half brothers, the oldest life with his Maternal grandma in a two bed roomed bungalow and the other with his male parent. A has had really small sporadic contact with his female parent due to her life style and no contact at all with his male parent. We will write a custom essay sample on Reviewing The Social Policy Guidelines Legislation Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reviewing The Social Policy Guidelines Legislation Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reviewing The Social Policy Guidelines Legislation Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Children were ab initio placed together with experient carers. The arrangement ended as it was reported that the behavior of the kids while together was unwieldy and each sibling was so placed with separate carers. A went to populate with older experient carers and the arrangement was successful, nevertheless following a figure of incidents including stealing personal properties from the carers and their neighbors, displayed aggressive behavior and verbal maltreatment and absconded from school on a regular footing. The carers decided to stop the arrangement and retire as they felt that they were acquiring to old to cover with disputing behavior from immature people . Another suited carer was identified by A s Social worker through dialogue with the Family Placement Team and A has been populating at that place for 4 months. A had found this experience really traumatic as he expressed that he had been happy at the arrangement and did non desire to go forth. It had been reported by staff at his school and his present carers that A has been inquiring a batch of inquiries sing his earlier life. A has really small callback of his formative old ages while populating with his female parent and siblings and is funny about his upbringing and events that led to him being placed into attention. A peculiarly asked to talk to his maternal grandma to beginning available exposure as she had been the lone Adult household member to maintain consistent regular contact. As ( Fahlberg, 2001p.325 ) suggests that it is of import to affect members of the kid s current household. The carers asked A if he would wish to research his early life in more item, and A stated that he would wish to research with both the Foster carers and if possible his Social Worker. During supervising session with my line director I was asked to set about LSW with A as his Social Worker was unable to finish LSW due to other instance burden force per unit areas. ( Thompson 2009 P 56 ) suggests that Effective supervising can frequently be the difference between ; success and failure . We discussed LSW and whilst there is no departmental statutory ordinances sing LSW with kids in long term Foster arrangements, it is considered good practise enabling the kid to understand important events in their yesteryear, confront the feelings which are secondary to these events, and go more to the full involved in the hereafter planning of their lives ( Hapgood, 1989 p.326 ) . It comprises of the three chief elements ; the assemblage of cherished objects, exposure and souvenir ; creative activity of a written narrative that explains the grounds for the kid s moves and gives information about household members ; and communicating of this narrative in a meaningful manner ( Ba ynes, 2008 p43 ) Therefore advancing and helping development, ego consciousness and self -worth ( Thorburn, 1994 ) . We besides identified that no old LSW had been undertaken and that I had been identified as the most suited individual to work with A as I had known him for a figure of Years and an appropriate relationship ( GSC 5.4 ) based on honestness and regard had been established. An available preparation session was besides identified which was being run for carers by the sections Family Placement squad. ( GSCC 6.8, ) Undertaking relevant preparation to keep and better your cognition and accomplishments and lending to the acquisition and development of others ( Thompson 2009 ( People Skills ) pg 76 ) farther suggests that go toing a preparation class is merely one portion of a learning procedure and may hold small consequence on subsequent pattern if the acquisition points are non applied and a brooding attack is non undertaken after completion. I so researched household chronology, instance notes and tribunal records which assisted in my cognition of A s background and gave me a clearer apprehension of all household members involved while doing me cognizant of any possible hazards ( such as safety while sing their places ) . Previous appraisals besides gave me a clearer apprehension of A s strength s and needs although it did non give a clear account of A s positions, which I identified I needed to obtain. Contact was so made by telephone ab initio to A s carers who had besides attended the recent LSW preparation. I explained my purposes and outlooks of finishing LSW hence supplying the chance to obtain their apprehension of A s demands and their positions and experiences of household kineticss while listening to their outlooks. ( GSCC 6.5 ) Working openly and co-operatively with co-workers and handling them with regard . We so negotiated an in agreement clip and topographic point for the first session. As I had already worked with ( A ) on old occasions confidentiality and other bureau policies had been explained ( GSC 2.3 ) I discussed in supervising the importance of including the carers, recognizing their value and part but I besides became cognizant that I had potentially disempowered A in non affecting him ab initio in holding the session. There was besides the hazard that the carers discussed my visit with A before I had the chance to talk to him which I feel A may hold fe lt anxiousness and excluded from the determination devising procedure. I Therefore telephoned both A and his carers. It was agreed for the first session to take topographic point at the carers house an environment were A would experience safe and at easiness with his milieus. We so discussed the procedure of LSW work as it is of import to be unfastened and honest of my function and restrictions. As it is difficult to foretell at the beginning how long the procedure will take as it depends upon the ability of the kid to prosecute, their age, the clip period that will necessitate to be covered, and what new disclosures the kid might work during the work . ( Luckock and Lefevre, 2008 p.229 ) I advised them of the limited timescales before my following arrangement started and understanding was made with the Carers and A that they would go on and update me at a ulterior day of the month when I returned to the squad. I recognised that A may necessitate clip to believe about these restrictions therefore I gave him several yearss before re-contacting him t o set up the following session. On reaching A he informed me that due to other committednesss that his carers would non be able to take part in the initial few Sessionss. Another suited day of the month could non be negotiated with A s carers and after discoursing this with A understanding was made to get down the first session without them. A day of the month and clip was the arranged to roll up A from school and so return him to placement. I besides informed A s carers, school and maternal grandma further guaranting their cooperation, reassurance and support. In order to demo being dependable and reliable ( GSCC 2.4 ) I ensured that I met A at the in agreement clip and topographic point. On the auto journey I was cognizant of the restrictions of exposing active hearing accomplishments due to deficiency of oculus contact and reassured him that I was listening by nodding my caput, uhhurring and the effectual usage of rephrasing. There was a figure of undertakings to be undertaken such as shopping to buy a bit book and stationary to help A s LSW. A took sometime taking a peculiar bit book which had a image of a music set that was A s favorite. We so visited A s maternal grandma at her place where A had been on legion old occasions hence advancing an environment where he would experience safe and relaxed. A s grandmother presented a figure of exposure which we so placed in chronological order. This gave A the chance to inquire a batch of inquiries and explicate to the best of his cognition the people in the exposure, where they where tak en and the feelings that this evoked. This besides gave the chance for A s grandma to state narratives which linked into the photographs some of which were rather amusing and lighting A s imaginativeness as he became more funny inquiring more inquiries. A so asked his grandma why his female parent was unable to look after him ; she informed him that A s female parent was a good female parent until she met a new fellow who introduced her to drugs, she so could non look after A all of the clip so hence, the female parent had felt it better that he was looked after by person who could. I assessed the state of affairs and asked A how he had felt at the clip which A replied that he had felt Sad but he was all right now . Although I was cognizant of the demand to discourse the state of affairs as it is frequently the fortunes environing the separation instead than the separation itself which can do injury ( Aldgate et Al, 1989 P 89 ) : I was besides cognizant that kids may ne cessitate to cleaving to a idealised version of events until they are ready to look more closely at what went incorrect ( Barnes, 2008 p48 ) . I concluded that while A needed further consciousness of inside informations that by reading facial look that he was experiencing stressed and hence changed the topic. As ( Thompson 2009 p115 ) suggests that sometimes facial looks are intentionally used to convey a message such as when person is dying. A s grandma suggested that we end the session at this point and allow A hold sometime with his older half brother playing on a playstation. I subsequently dropped A off dorsum at his carers and we all spent sometime discoursing the session although A exhausted most of the clip stating them about the playstation game. A 2nd session was agreed for the same clip the following hebdomad unluckily the carers were unable to go to and once more another suited day of the month could non be arranged. The 2nd session by A s facial looks continued to be a positive and happy experience until A asked his grandma why she had adopted his half brother and non any of the other kids. His Grandmother explained that she merely had a two sleeping room cottage and did non hold adequate room ; she besides was non in good wellness. A started to shout and was comforted by his grandma. I was emotionally affected as by this, I have a kid of the same age and I used a supervising session which followed to lucubrate on the experience. On the manner place in the auto I discussed the session with A and he stated that he still wanted to go on LSW even though it was at times upsetting that overall he was basking the work. All Sessionss were recorded within the bureau database ( and in line with the Date Protection act ) which ensured answerability and ensured that other co-workers were updated and cognizant of ongoing engagement. As there is no legislative or national or bureau policy or counsel relating to LSW with kids who are looked after I relied upon research to finish the procedure. I think that the bureau would profit from hold all staff go toing LSW preparation to guarantee that all workers are appropriately equipped to set about the undertaking. ( Barnes p44 ) suggests that LSW as a undertaking is given to workers with variable degrees of accomplishment and assurance and with small equal preparation or resources. I recognise that A s Social worker has a busy instance burden and clip restraints and the carers have other committednesss but I feel being to the full involved with LSW from the beginning would hold gone a long manner to bettering their relationship. On contemplation holding of other alternate methods and resources such as Video Diaries and Digital Life narrative work would hold given A more picks and options which I feel would hold further enhanced the experience of finishing LSW.

Glenn Seaborg essays

Glenn Seaborg essays There are many great chemists in this world; one of the greatest is Glenn T. Seaborg. Before he reached the age of 40, he won the Nobel Prize, he discovered radioisotopes that are used to treat millions of cancer patients, he founded the element that makes atomic bombs explode, and many people sought out his advice. Seaborg also holds the Guinness Book of World Records for the longest biography in Who's Who in America. There is no doubt that Seaborg was a brilliant man, and will never be forgotten. Seaborg was born on April 19, 1912 in Ishpeming, Michigan. Ishpeming is a small iron-mining town in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Seaborg was of total Swedish decent. His mother was Selma Olivia Erickson, his father Herman Theodore Seaborg. Seeing as how his parents were Swedish immigrants Glenn learned to speak Swedish before he learned English. When Glenn was ten years old his family decided to sell all of their belongings. They bought one-way tickets to California, in hopes of providing a better life for Glenn and his younger sister Jeanette. Seaborg then attended Watts high school, in the suburbs of Los Angeles. The school was racially and ethnically diverse. This helped Seaborg in his later years to be able to interact well with many different people. It was in Seaborgs junior year that he was introduced to chemistry, and found his lifelong love. The man to introduce him to this was his science teacher Dwight Logan Reid. Seaborg worked his way through college. He was able to pay his undergraduate tuition at UCLA by working as a stevedore, a farm laborer, and an apprentice Linotype operator for the Los Angeles Herald. He was elected Phi Beta Kappa in his junior year of college and was graduated in 1934. Seaborg transferred to the University of California-Berkeley for his graduate studies. In 1937 Seaborg received his Ph.D. in chemistry, but it was a year earlier that his career as a nuclear chemist actually begun....

Do you agree with Perkins' statement that the corporatocracy is in Essay

Do you agree with Perkins' statement that the corporatocracy is in fact an empire If so, why if not why not - Essay Example An empire can also be defined as supreme power or a jurisdiction of an entity or an organization. An example of an empire is the Roman Empire that rules from the Vatican City through the holy Catholic Church. Having defined the major terms, it is appropriate to find out whether corpocracy is an empire or not. Corporatocracy is, indeed, an empire. This is because an empire involves power and the rule of a collection of states. Corporations have today become so powerful due to their economic resources, and they influence the governance of many states all over the world. They do this through: exploiting economic control, influencing politics, determining the laws of the land, and manipulating policies of various governments. According to WorldiQ, corporations do this, for example, by owning and controlling main media outlets, and allowing access only to information that serves their interests, and influencing the enactment of laws that serve their wellbeing. For instance, in the United States, digital millennium copyright act was enacted due to pressure from corporations (WorldiQ). This was done to allow them to meet their self-centered goals and objectives. Power revolves around political, economic and social pillars, and control of these makes an empire. Corporations control these pillars, hence in charge of a conglomeration of states; corporatocracy is an